雅思写作素材之“失业” + 历年【职业教育类话题】真题分享！

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累积写作素材这件事一直都是力求高分的考生们所不敢怠慢的。众所周知，雅思考试话题范围比较广泛，这就给累积素材带来了不小的难度。正因如此，笔者特意总结了一些所谓“万用”的素材，共大家参考。

先申明一个要点，这里的万用，是说这个素材可以被很广泛地应用，而不代表着所有题都可以用。本文笔者在2022，2023和2024的笔试题库（共计108题）中筛选之后，得到18个题目可以灵活应用本文中的万用素材。其“万用”与否可见一斑。

千呼万唤始出来，今天要分享的素材就是“失业”。

一、常见的导致失业的原因

1.Technological Advancements: Automation and technological advancements can lead to job displacement as machines and software become capable of performing tasks that were previously done by humans.

这个原因明显对应了题库中几乎所有的“科技类”题目。只要是新的技术，生活方式等一出现，势必会导致一部分人的失业。具体题目如下：

01

In the past, important knowledge about culture and history was stored in museums. Nowadays, information can be freely available on the internet. Therefore, there is no longer any need for museums. To what extent do you agree or disagree?20240427

02

With the rapid development of communication technology, such as smart phones, tablets and other mobile devices, some people think disadvantages outweigh advantages. To what extent do you agree or disagree?  20230701

03

More and more people are using computers and electric devices to access information, and therefore some people think there is no need to print books, magazines or newspapers on paper. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 

20220416

04

Maintaining public libraries is a waste of time and money since computer technology is now replacing their function. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 20220226

05

Some people believe that robots are important to human’s development, while others think that it is a dangerous invention that will impact society negatively. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 20220924

2.Outsourcing and Globalization: Companies may outsource jobs to countries with lower labor costs, leading to job losses in the home country. Globalization can also result in increased competition, making it harder for domestic companies to compete and retain employees.

和全球化相关的题目在题库里面不算太多见，但也基本每年都有。大家要记住，只要是人口流入的地方都会面临一部分人，尤其是老年人的失业。

因为人口的流入就代表了新的劳动力的输入。商品的进口也是如此，例如大量进口食品，那么在本地食品生产链条上就业的人都可能失业。具体题目如下：

01

Some people suggest that a country should try to produce all the food for its population and import as little as possible. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 20221231

02

Some people think it is a better way to leave their home country to improve their work and living opportunities, while others think staying in their own country is a better choice. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

20220507

03

Nowadays, people can buy a variety of food from all over the world. Do you think advantages of this outweigh its disadvantages or not? 20220409

3.Mismatch of Skills: There may be a disconnect between the skills demanded by employers and those possessed by job seekers, leading to structural unemployment as individuals struggle to find employment that matches their qualifications.

Education and Training: Inadequate access to education and training programs that provide relevant skills for the job market can result in higher unemployment rates, particularly among those with limited educational opportunities.

这两点都和教育话题，尤其是职业教育话题相关。历年考试中，教育类话题出现频率都是首屈一指的。具体题目如下：

01

Today, in many countries, not enough students choose science subjects in university. Why is this the case? What are the effects on society? 20240316

02

Students in university education should develop specialist in one subject area rather than develop a wider range of different subjects. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 20230318

03

Some people believe that the purpose of education is to prepare people to be useful members for society. However, others say the purpose of education is to achieve personal ambitions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 20230902

04

Some people think the government should pay for healthcare and education, but others believe it is not the government’s responsibility. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 20230218

05

Some people think secondary school students should be allowed to choose academic courses leading to university or practical courses leading to careers such as carpenters. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 20221119

06

Some people believe that robots are important to human’s development, while others think that it is a dangerous invention that will impact society negatively. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 20220924

4.Demographic Changes: Population growth, aging populations, or changes in workforce participation rates can affect the labor market dynamics, leading to fluctuations in unemployment rates.

在前面全球化相关的问题里面就涉及了人口的流动性问题。其实这个话题也同样包含这部分内容。下面题目就是典型例子。

大量人口流入城市，就业形式肯定紧迫，那么失业率势必会上升。此外，与老龄化相关的失业问题也值得大家关注。

01

More and more people move from the countryside to big cities. Does this development bring more advantages or disadvantages to the environment? 20220723

5.Dependency on Natural Resources: Economies heavily dependent on natural resource extraction, such as oil or mining, may experience fluctuations in employment levels due to changes in commodity prices, environmental regulations, or technological advancements.

关于自然资源的保护和合理消费属于环境类话题的一个重要分支。相信针对类似的题目，大家都会有多种多样的论点。

但可能大部分考生想不到的是此类问题其实也可以导致人口的失业，也可以用到本文中分享的素材。具体问题如下：

01

The international community must act immediately to ensure that all countries reduce their consumption of fossil fuels, such as natural gas and oil. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 20240511

6.Labor Market Discrimination: Discrimination based on factors such as race, gender, age, or disability can limit employment opportunities for certain groups, leading to higher unemployment rates among marginalized populations.

就业的不公平，尤其是针对就业的年龄歧视和性别歧视，一直都在雅思考试的话题范围之中。具体问题如下：

01

Some people believe that the best way to improve the road safety is to increase the minimum legal age for driving cars and motorbikes. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 20230722 

很多年轻人不被允许开车的话，就业力会直接下降。

02

Many offenders commit crimes again after serving the first punishment. Why is this? What measures can be taken to tackle this problem? 20240617 

就业市场对于这些人员的歧视导致了他们失业，不能融入社会。

二、失业率上升的恶果

在明白了如此之多的导致失业率上升的原因之后，再和大家分享一些高失业率的后果，以便大家在文章中对此论点进行一些深入的讨论。

1. Reduced Consumer Spending: Unemployed individuals typically have lower disposable income, leading to reduced consumer spending. This can dampen demand for goods and services, impacting businesses and potentially leading to further job losses.

2. Poverty and Income Inequality: High unemployment rates can contribute to poverty and income inequality, as unemployed individuals may struggle to meet their basic needs and experience a decline in their standard of living.

3. Social Unrest: Persistent unemployment can lead to social unrest and dissatisfaction with the government and institutions, potentially resulting in protests, civil unrest, and political instability.

4. Health Impacts: Unemployment is associated with negative health outcomes, including increased stress, depression, and physical health problems. Unemployed individuals may also have limited access to healthcare services, exacerbating health disparities.

5. Strain on Social Safety Nets: High unemployment rates can strain social safety net programs, such as unemployment insurance, welfare, and food assistance programs, as more individuals require support during periods of economic hardship.

6. Reduced Economic Growth: Persistently high unemployment rates can hinder economic growth by reducing productivity, limiting consumer spending, and discouraging investment. This can create a cycle of low growth and high unemployment known as a "growth trap."

7. Fiscal Challenges: Governments may face fiscal challenges as tax revenues decline due to lower economic activity and increased spending on social safety net programs. This can lead to budget deficits and higher levels of public debt.

8. Long-Term Scarring: High unemployment rates, especially among young people and long-term unemployed individuals, can have long-lasting effects on their future employment prospects, earning potential, and overall well-being.

9. Brain Drain and Emigration: In regions with persistently high unemployment, skilled workers may emigrate in search of better job opportunities elsewhere, leading to a "brain drain" and further exacerbating economic challenges in those areas.

10. Negative Demographic Trends: High unemployment rates can contribute to negative demographic trends, such as declining birth rates and delayed family formation, as individuals may postpone major life decisions due to economic uncertainty.

11. Loss of Human Capital: Prolonged periods of unemployment can lead to a loss of human capital as individuals lose skills, experience, and motivation. This can hinder their ability to re-enter the workforce and contribute to long-term unemployment.

12. Reduced Social Cohesion: High unemployment rates can strain social cohesion and trust within communities, as individuals may experience feelings of resentment, alienation, and social isolation. This can weaken social bonds and undermine community resilience.

13. Brain Waste: High unemployment rates can result in "brain waste," where highly skilled individuals are forced to accept jobs that do not fully utilize their qualifications and abilities. This represents a loss of talent and potential productivity for the economy.

14. Increased Crime Rates: High unemployment rates have been linked to increases in crime rates, as individuals facing economic hardship may turn to illegal activities as a means of survival or out of desperation.

希望各位可以掌握这个“失业”的素材

并且在真正的考试中合理将其应用出来。

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