11月14日 托福核心考点全预测

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11 月 14 日的托福考试即将到来，结合近期的实考走向与题库复用节奏，给大家做出了这一版预测：开头先放一个语法小贴士，填词 5 段覆盖 5 个学科，学术词汇 20 个（含 4 个冷门主题背景），口语与写作各给 3~4 套不同场景。祝大家考试顺利，考出理想分数！

不废话，直接上干货 👇

写作组句子部分，很多同学都在错的语法点，来咯。

本期：定语从句里 that 什么时候能省

· 能省：that 在从句里作宾语时可以省略，例如 “The process (that) artists used was time-consuming.”

· 不能省：that 作主语时不能省，例如 “The pigments that give the paint its color come from minerals.”——删掉就缺主语。

· 易错：介词提前时只能用 which / whom，that 既不能用也不能省，例如 “the medium in which the pigment is dissolved”，不能说 “in that …”。

考场提示：that 常常是把主句和从句拴在一起的关键词——先确定它引导的从句到哪儿结束、修饰的是前面哪个名词，再抓主句主干；写作里同样先想清楚修饰谁，再决定用 that 还是 which，别让从句挂错地方。

Part.1

填词预测

本部分 5 段填词，空格为原卷挖空位置；先默写，再对照段末答案。

第 1 段：Color in Art（绘画颜料）

Pigments are substances that provide color to materials, and they can be derived from various natural sources, such as minerals and plants. It w___ once com___ for art____ to cre___ their o__ paints b_ mixing sev____ pigments toge____. This pro____ was time-consuming and required detailed knowledge of pigments—their chemical properties, how they interact with different media, and their durability over time. But it also allowed painters to give their artworks a truly unique color pal____.

参考答案：were / common / artists / create / own / by / several / together / process / palette

第 2 段：Sedimentary Rocks（沉积岩）

The study of geological formations provides insights into Earth's dynamic processes. Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been transformed by heat and pressure. Sedimentary rocks fo__ as lay___ of mate____ build u_ over ti__ and a__ eventually pres___ and fu___ together t_ create sol__ rock. The strata inside these formations serve as historical records of environmental conditions, revealing changes in climate, sea levels, and biological evolution. Analyzing rocks allows geologists to reconstruct past geological events.

参考答案：form / layers / material / up / time / are / pressed / fused / to / solid

第 3 段：Oceanography（海洋学）

Oceanography is the study of the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the ocean. This fi___ encompasses t__ exploration o_ ocean curr____, marine ecos______, and geol______ seabed stru______. Oceanographers u__ satellites a__ other adva____ technology to monitor and analyze ocean conditions. By tracking sea surface temperatures, currents, salinity, and other features, researchers contribute to our understanding of climate change. Their work is vital for sustaining ocean health and preserving marine biodiversity.

参考答案：field / the / of / currents / ecosystems / geological / structures / use / and / advanced

第 4 段：Volcanic Islands（火山岛）

Volcanic islands rise where molten rock escapes through the ocean floor. Each erup____ adds a new lay__ of bas___, and after many centu____ the sum___ finally breaks the water surface. Waves and rain then car__ the sof___ rock into fert___ soil, while coral reefs grow along the sho__. Such islands are often sho__-lived in geological terms, but they host remarkable ecosystems and fertile farmland.

参考答案：eruption / layer / basalt / centuries / summit / carve / softer / fertile / shore / short

第 5 段：Museum Lighting（博物馆照明）

Museums control light to protect the objects on display. Ultraviolet radiation fad__ pigments and weak___ natural fibers, so galleries often keep sens_____ works behind glass and use low-watt bulbs. Light also affects how visit___ perceive color and texture, which mea__ that curators must bala___ preservation against the visu__ experience. Modern LED syst___ solve part of this prob___ because they emit little heat and can be dimm__ precisely.

参考答案：fades / weakens / sensitive / visitors / means / balance / visual / systems / problem / dimmed

Part.2

学术词汇预测

下面按「阅读 / 听力」各 10 个高频学术词，给出释义与例句，优先记搭配而不是孤词。

阅读学术词汇

· pigment（颜料、色素）

Mineral pigments such as ochre have been used since prehistory.

· binder（黏结剂）

In oil paint, the binder holds the pigment particles in suspension.

· fresco（湿壁画）

A fresco is painted on wet plaster so the color binds to the wall.

· strata（岩层（复数））

The strata record alternating periods of flooding and drought.

· sediment（沉积物）

Layers of sediment trap pollen and preserve a record of past vegetation.

· basalt（玄武岩）

Basalt cools quickly, which gives it a fine-grained texture.

· magma（岩浆）

Magma rises along fractures in the crust before it erupts.

· salinity（盐度）

Surface salinity drops where rivers empty into the sea.

· current（洋流、水流）

The Gulf Stream is a warm current that moderates European winters.

· biodiversity（生物多样性）

Coral reefs support extraordinary biodiversity despite covering little area.

听力学术词汇

· registrar（注册处、教务主任）

The registrar's office issues transcripts and verifies enrollment.

· transcript（成绩单）

You need an official transcript to apply to graduate school.

· prerequisite（先修课程）

Calculus is a prerequisite for the advanced statistics course.

· elective（选修课）

She chose an elective in museum studies to broaden her degree.

· dean（院长、系主任）

The dean approved a new minor in data science.

· tenure（终身教职）

Tenure decisions weigh research, teaching, and service.

· fieldwork（田野调查、实地工作）

Her fieldwork in Iceland lasted two summers.

· peer review（同行评审）

The paper passed peer review after two rounds of revision.

· citation（引用、引文）

A missing citation can look like plagiarism.

· hypothesis（假设）

The experiment was designed to test a single hypothesis.

Part.3

冷门主题背景

· varve（纹泥）

冰湖每年夏天沉积浅色粗颗粒、冬天沉积深色细颗粒，一年一层，成对的层就是 varve。它可以像树轮一样数年份，用来给最近一两万年的沉积物定年，也能反推当年的融水量。

· karst（喀斯特）

可溶性岩石（石灰岩、白云岩）被水长期溶蚀后形成的地貌：溶洞、天坑、地下河、石林。地表水快速转入地下，所以地表常缺水，而地下水系又极易被污染。

· albedo（反照率）

表面反射太阳辐射的比例。雪冰反照率高（0.8 以上），海水只有 0.1 左右；冰融化后露出深色海面，吸收更多热量，又加速融化，这就是冰—反照率正反馈。

· provenance（来源、出处（艺术品/文物））

指一件作品从创作到现在的流传记录，包括交易、收藏与展出史。来源清楚的藏品更易确认真伪，也避免涉及盗掘或战时掠夺的争议。

Part.4

口语预测

第一套：城市生活

Introduction:

You have agreed to participate in a research study about life in cities. The researcher will ask you some questions.

Question One:

Thank you for joining us. To start, what do you like most about the city or town where you live?

Question Two:

Describe a place in your city that you often visit. What makes it special to you?

Question Three:

Some people prefer living in the center of a city, while others prefer the suburbs. Which would you choose, and why?

Question Four:

Cities are adding more parks and pedestrian streets. Do you think this improves daily life? Why or why not?

第二套：购物习惯

Introduction:

You have volunteered for a study about shopping habits. You will have a short interview with a researcher.

Question One:

Thanks for coming. Do you usually shop in stores or online? What influences that choice?

Question Two:

Tell me about a purchase you made recently that you were especially happy with.

Question Three:

Do you think advertising affects what you buy? How do you deal with it?

Question Four:

Some people say buying less is better than buying eco-friendly products. Do you agree? Why?

第三套：睡眠与健康

Introduction:

You have agreed to take part in a study about sleep and daily health. The researcher will ask you a few questions.

Question One:

Thank you for your time. How many hours do you usually sleep, and how do you feel during the day？

Question Two:

Describe something you do that helps you sleep better.

Question Three:

Many students stay up late to study. Do you think schools should start classes later? Why?

Question Four:

Some people use apps to track their sleep. Would you use one? What are the advantages and disadvantages?

Part.5

写作预测

邮件写作（Write an Email）

第一套：课程已满，请求加签你选中了一门很感兴趣的计算机课程，但系统显示名额已满。你希望任课教授允许你加签，并说明你已经修过先修课、愿意补上落下的内容。

Write an email to Prof. Whitfield. In your email, do the following:   

· 说明你想选这门课的原因，以及你已经修过的先修课   

· 解释这门课对你专业规划的重要性   

· 询问是否可以加签，以及需要补做哪些内容Write as much as you can and in complete sentences.Your Response:

To: Prof. Whitfield

Subject: Request to Join a Full Course

💡 实用表达与句式：

说明动机与准备   

· I have completed the two prerequisite courses and earned an A in both.   

· Your course on database systems is central to the direction I want to pursue.

解释影响   

· Without this course I would have to delay my capstone project by a semester. 

  · I am willing to sit in on the first two weeks and catch up on the readings.

提出请求   

· Could you add me to the waitlist or sign an overload form if space allows?   

· I would be grateful for any guidance on what to review before the first assignment.

实用词汇与表达：   

course overload · prerequisite · waitlist · capstone project · catch up on readings

第二套：实习申请跟进

你两周前申请了一家公司的暑期实习，一直没有收到回复。你想写信给招聘负责人，礼貌地跟进申请状态，并补充一项新完成的证书。

Write an email to Ms. Torres. In your email, do the following:   

· 说明你申请的岗位与提交时间   

· 补充你刚完成的相关证书或项目   

· 礼貌询问流程进度与预计通知时间

Write as much as you can and in complete sentences.Your Response:

To: Ms. Torres

Subject: Follow-up on Summer Internship Application

💡 实用表达与句式：

提醒申请信息   

· I submitted my application for the data analyst internship on October 28.   

· My application number is 20417, in case that helps you locate it.

补充新材料   

· Since applying, I completed a certificate in SQL for data analysis.   

· I also finished a dashboard project that uses the same tools your team mentioned.

礼貌跟进   

· Could you let me know whether the review is still in progress?   

· I would appreciate any update on the expected timeline.

实用词汇与表达：

application status · hiring timeline · follow up · relevant coursework · attached portfolio

第三套：图书馆逾期罚款申诉

你从图书馆借的书逾期了几天，因为你在外地参加学术会议。你希望图书馆能减免部分罚款，并说明你已经归还了书。Write an email to Mr. Haddad. In your email, do the following:· 说明逾期原因与归还时间· 承认疏忽，说明你一贯按时归还· 请求减免罚款或改为志愿服务Write as much as you can and in complete sentences.Your Response:

To: Mr. Haddad

Subject: Request to Waive a Late Fee

💡 实用表达与句式：

说明情况   

· The three books were returned on November 6, five days after the due date. 

  · I was away at a conference and did not receive the reminder email in time.

承认并补救   

· I understand the policy and take responsibility for the delay.   

· This is the first time I have returned anything late in three years.

提出请求    · Would it be possible to waive part of the fine?   

· I would also be glad to volunteer at the circulation desk instead.

实用词汇与表达：   

late fee · due date · waiver · circulation desk · borrowing record

学术写作（Academic Discussion）

第一套：远程办公

Dr. Osei：越来越多公司允许员工每周远程工作几天。支持者说这能节省通勤时间、提高专注度；反对者担心团队协作与新人培养会受影响。你认为远程办公应该成为常态吗？

💡 思路解析

立场一：支持远程   

· Remote work removes commuting time and gives employees quiet hours for deep work.   

· It also widens the talent pool, since location no longer limits hiring.

立场二：担心协作   

· Junior employees learn much of their job by overhearing and asking questions in person. 

  · Teams that rarely meet in person struggle to build trust and resolve conflicts quickly.

实用词汇与表达：   

hybrid schedule · commute time · team cohesion · onboarding · productivity

第二套：基因编辑

Dr. Lindqvist：基因编辑技术已经可以修改人类胚胎的基因。有人认为这能消除遗传病，是医学的巨大进步；也有人担心会造成「设计婴儿」与新的社会不平等。你怎么看？

💡 思路解析

立场一：支持有限使用 

  · Editing genes that cause severe inherited diseases could spare families years of suffering.   

· Clear regulation can limit the technology to medical uses rather than enhancement.

立场二：担心滥用 

  · If editing becomes a consumer service, wealthy families will buy advantages for their children.   

· Unintended genetic changes may pass to future generations, and consent is impossible.

实用词汇与表达：   

gene editing · hereditary disease · germline · regulation · genetic inequality

第三套：免费公共交通

Dr. Moreau：一些城市开始提供免费公共交通，希望减少私家车使用、缓解拥堵与污染。也有人认为这笔钱花在提高班次与覆盖范围上更有效。你支持哪种做法？

💡 思路解析立场

一：支持免费 

  · Free fares make public transport usable for low-income riders who currently skip trips.   

· Removing fare collection also speeds up boarding and reduces operating costs.

立场二：支持改善服务

    · Frequency and reliability matter more than price for most commuters. 

  · Free service without more capacity mainly crowds existing lines.

实用词汇与表达：

fare-free transit · ridership · service frequency · congestion · subsidy

第四套：编程是否应成为必修课

Dr. Sato：一些大学要求所有学生修一门编程课，理由是数据分析已渗透到各个领域；也有人认为这挤占了专业课程的时间，应该只对相关专业要求。你怎么看？

💡 思路解析

立场一：支持必修   

· Every field now relies on data, and basic coding makes graduates more employable. 

  · A single introductory course is enough to teach how to clean and interpret data.

立场二：支持选修 

  · Forcing a coding course takes credits away from core subjects students actually need. 

  · Students who need programming can take it as an elective with better motivation.

实用词汇与表达： 

  digital literacy · core curriculum · elective · employability · quantitative skills

Part.6

考前建议

· 填词：5 段覆盖 5 个学科（艺术—地质—海洋—地貌—文物保护），按「各背 3 个搭配」而不是背孤词。

· 口语：三套各录 1 遍，Q1/Q2 控制在 40–45 秒内，Q3/Q4 用「观点 + 两个理由&论证 / 一个理由+让步反驳」。

· 邮件：背熟三段式（说明来意→具体请求→感谢并留联系方式），注意讲礼貌的行不要漏。

· 学术讨论：四套各写 120–150 词，先亮立场再给理由，最后回扣同学观点。

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