2023年11月4日托福考试真题回忆机经：写作题“换个马甲”再考，早就是家常便饭

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综合写作

主题：why large marine animals死在同一个地方

阅读总观点：三个理论

阅读分论点一：drought，地震使海陆链接处断裂，水干了

阅读分论点二：virus

阅读分论点三：海藻中含有有毒物质，通过food chain影响大型海洋生物

听力总观点：反驳

听力分论点一：如果水干涸了，应该会找到很多矿物质，但是现实是fossil evidence中找不到这么多矿物质

听力分论点二：如果是通过food chain影响的，那么关联的物种都会受到影响，而不是只有大型海洋生物

听力分论点三：海藻中含毒物质并不是那么多，而且不是所有大型海洋生物都以吃海藻的小鱼为食

学术讨论写作

Doctor Achebe

Many companies provide important products and services but at the same time cause environmental damage. Some people believe the way to prevent these companies from damaging the environment is for the government to require more penalties from them, such as higher taxes and larger fines. Do you think it is a good idea?

Andrew

A lot of companies make helpful products but hurt the environment too. I think the government should punish them more. like raising their taxes and fines to stop the damage. Doing that would hold corporations accountable and force them to change in an impactful way. We can have both innovation and sustainability if governments incentivize it properly through penalties.

Claire

I disagree that we should penalize corporations more for environmental damage. Many companies are already taking steps to adopt greener practices and higher taxes or fines could discourage innovation and hurt the economy. Instead of punishing businesses, I believe the government should reward and incentivize sustainable choices through subsidies and tax breaks.

这道题在20151212/20190922就作为独立写作题型考察过，现在改编为学术讨论写作，并在今年8月26号线下考试中就已经出现过了。时隔两个月，再次出现！！

思路可参考之前独立写作的破题思路，选择一个角度切入即可，不需要写全篇。

Some companies provide important products or service, but also damage environment. Some people believe that government should require more penalty, higher tax and larger fine of these companies, while others believe there are better ways. Which do you prefer ?（20151212/20190922）

要点：这个问题上，可以从这几个方面来写：1.先让步，就是说这个方案在某些方面或是一定程度上是可以的 2.指出这个方案的不足；3.提出其他的方案

观点：there are better ways

1.让步：这个方案在to some extent 可以reduce the emission of pollution from the factories

2.不足：government加大penalty，这些factories会produce more products to balance the loss of tax，这样就会make more pollution，是一个恶性循环vicious circle。

3.其他方案：

（1）exploit new energy sources，这是一个stable solution which will solve the pollution eternally

（2）Shut down the disqualified factories

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