托福口语Task4答题要点 口语高分要做到这些！

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　　很多同学答完托福口语，总是觉得自己deserve a high grade, but reality tends to always seep in, in the end.(觉得自己成绩应该老牛X了，但现实却是……)

　　那么，托福口语高分的关键是什么呢?今天就跟大家聊一聊托福口语第四题lecture的解题技巧。

　　1　掌握听力内容的“暗线”

　　首先，口语答题good和fair的区别是什么呢?让我们先来看一段话：

　　The question will ask youto explain the main concept or issue using the points and examplesthat were given in the lecture. So basically it's a very straight forward summary.

　　这是ETS官方视频中对Task 4所提出的要求，注意划线部分内容：你必须解释清楚main concept或者issue。这就是高分关键!!!

　　口说无凭。咱们来举个例子~

　　看题：禽类吃泥土的原因：辅助消化和排除毒素

　　1 辅助消化，以渡鸦举例，没有牙齿，吃泥土是为了磨碎食物，这样有助于消化较大的食物，比方说把很大的种子磨成小碎片。

　　2 排除毒素，以鹦鹉举例，吃泥土可以中和误食的毒素，这样就不会生病了。

　　这道题是要求大家用example来论证“泥土在帮助鸟类消化这件事上起到了什么作用?具体过程是什么?”

　　很多同学在回答第四题的时候，只是在单纯地summarize the lecture(总结讲座)，而忽略了题目中隐藏的“暗线”，也就是高分要求中的points和examples。

　　Fair级别的答案：For instance, a species of bird takes in soil sometimes. Because it's toothless, eating soil can help it with its digestion. 在这个答案中并没有体现出soil起到的具体作用，因此只能得fair。

　　再看Good级别的答题：Wild pheasant is a good example. It is toothless, so it has to take in soil sometimes to help it grind up giant seeds with hard shells into smaller pieces, to make it easier to digest. 这个答案中包含了3点重要信息，toothless, giant seeds with hard shells and grind up into smaller pieces，从而充分论证了soil在消化过程中起到的具体作用。

　　2 善于改述内容

　　paraphrasing(改写)是托福综合口语中必须掌握的一项能力。口语第三题和第四题听力部分内容都在一分半至两分钟左右，字数大约在200字，多则能到250字。而我们1分钟能有效输出的内容只有120-140字。

　　换句话讲，答题的时候必须删减一半的听力内容。怎么做?

　　请大家铭记一件事：大多数Task 4中都有近1/3的内容是废话，必须听懂，但不必阐述。见下面这段文字：

　　Today, we're going to discuss forest fires. Generally, when a forest fire occurs, the animals in the area will of course scurry away from the fire. Some animals, though, actually benefit from forest fires and so will follow them because forest fires can help them meet their survival needs. Let's discuss two benefits forest fires could have for these animals.

　　One benefit is that they can make it easier for predators to find food.A forest fire will force animals out of their hiding places, which predators make use of because fleeing animals are much easier to catch than they normally are when they are hiding deeply.

　　For example, scientists have observed skunks doing this. These animals will go to the edge of a forest fire and wait there in order to catch all the insects running out of the burning forest, which is a much easier way to catch insects than the normal way of pecking for them on the ground.

　　Another benefit forest fires could have is to help provide a good place for the development of young animals.Forest fires can make an otherwise harmful environment more suitable for their development.

　　For example, Burch trees in the forest are poisonous to ants. They have a special chemical that keeps ants away. But after a fire, ants will seek out these trees because the trees are dead and ants are able to lay their eggs in the trees without being hurt by the chemical. The young ants use the trees' nourishment until they mature into adult ants.

　　其中标注颜色的是重点，其他都是废话，听懂即可。考试时将有颜色的部分记下来，并将重点信息进行改述，压缩到相应的时间里面。

　　再次强调，阐述example的时候，一定要想着to example the main concept or the issue。

　　3 做好答题的时间管理

　　很多同学在回答第四题的时候总觉得时间不够用，那是因为你的重点信息把握不准确，对答题时间控制没有概念。

　　Task 4的前25%多为文章主旨(main concept or issue)，目标24分的同学无需对此部分做笔记，目标26分的同学需要做笔记。

　　在听力过程中，注意是否听到了名词复数形式，成对的词或短语，或者序数词如first等，并以此推测后文结构。

　　最终答题时，介绍这部分的时间为10秒。

　　听力介绍完主旨一般会具体说主旨中的概念点(如上题中的辅助消化和排除毒素)，并配有详细解释和案例(如上题中的渡鸦和鹦鹉)。

　　每个概念介绍5秒，然后运用口语答题技巧20秒介绍对应的例子。

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