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口语部分
独立口语:Task1
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Children should be encouraged to watch or listen to the news from an early age.Use details and examples to explain your opinion.
Task2
Reading:学生建议学校在校园图书馆安装一个绿色屋顶。这样植物和土壤将提供一层隔热层,来保持建筑物内部的温度,降低能耗,节省资金。此外,位于城市内部的校园,没有很多的绿色空间,一个绿色屋顶将为学生提供一个户外学习选择
Listening:反对
Reason 1: 建一个绿色屋顶虽然说可以降低一定的能耗,但是建设和维护的成本比节约下来的资金更多,所以长期来看并不能达到节约资金的目的
Reason 2: 位于市中心的图书馆的屋顶街道到环绕,充斥着车辆的声音,学生并不能在这种环境下静下心来学习
Task3
Reading:Overclaiming人们会高估自己在某个特定领域所具备的能力,这种现象被成为overclaiming
Listening:老师讲了一个实验,实验中志愿者们被要求参加地理小测试,这些小测试大多是一些地理相关的简单的小知识,例如:大陆等,受试者们发现问题很好回答,于是觉得自己在地理领域的知识非常的充足,觉得自己很厉害,当被要求参加新的测试的时候,研究人员告诉志愿者们,这次的测试是关于城市的,其中一部分的城市是真实存在的城市,而另一部分是一些虚构的城市,尽管知道是这样的,在测试中,一部分的志愿者依然觉得自己知道这些虚构的城市
Task4
Listening:教授讲解了dams的两大缺陷
drawback 1: dams 建在河流上方会切断河流和海洋,因此动物不能够再从河流游到海洋中去,例如salmon,尽管salmon生活在海洋中,但是他们会游到淡水的河流中繁殖后代,随着dams数量的增加,salmon的数量减少
drawback 2: dams 会改变当地的地理环境,因此影响一些动植物的生活,例如一种鸟类,生活在一种比较高的植物上,这种植物喜欢生长在河流旁边,建立了dam之后,水域向外扩张,这些草被淹没在水中便都死掉了,于是这种鸟类也没办法在这片区域生存了
综合写作
主题:congestion pricing堵塞费
阅读总观点:three advantages
阅读分论点一:reduced travel time 路程时间变短
阅读分论点二:lower pollution levels in the region 环境保护
阅读分论点三:收集的钱可以用于road和infrastructure的建设
听力总观点:反驳
听力分论点一:只有一部分人可以减少路程时间,因为更多的人会因为不想付这个费用选择其他路线绕过去,所以反而路程时间会变长
听力分论点二:有这个政策的区域内,环境确实会变好,但是周边地区没有这个政策的话,就会出现更多车,噪声和尾气排放都会使得原本安静且干净的环境受害
听力分论点三:虽然有收入,但是支出也很高,甚至可能会给政府带来财政压力。当更多人转向公共交通后,比如地铁,市政府就得花更多钱去维护和维护地铁运营
学术讨论写作
【素材重复20190105】
Dr. Diaz
This week's course materials will focus on scientific discoveries. While scientific researchers usually prefer to share what they learn with other scientists, many businesses and governments keep certain scientific discoveries secret. Some people believe that all scientific discoveries should be shared freely among scientists all around the world and that governments and businesses should not keep any discoveries secret. What do you believe and why?
Kelly
I don't think all discoveries should be shared. Businesses, for example, often spend a lot of money on scientific research in order to make a discovery that can lead to profit. Even if that discovery benefits everyone, the business has a right to keep the discovery secret so that it can develop a profitable product from the research.
Paul
Sharing knowledge is crucially important to most scientists. Scientists usually publish the details of their discoveries in scientific journals, which means that everyone can see what the scientists have accomplished. Being recognized as the person who made a discovery is the biggest reward for any scientist. When scientists keep their discoveries secret, they lose that recognition. That is very unsatisfying.
参考破题思路,选择合适的观点切入写一个段落作为学术讨论写作的内容即可
【20190105】Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: All scientific discoveries should be shared among all scientist around the world. The government and business should not keep any discoveries in secret.
观点:disagree
1.从scientists的角度
1)scientists不希望自己的achievements被他人plagiarize,希望自己的idea可以受到respect
2)scientists的research work不一定能够被scientists in other fields理解
2.从government和business的角度
1)to stand out in the competition with other countries or companies, government or business company需要有自己的edge,使自己不同
2)maintaining secrecy可以让government或business的adversaries轻敌
3.让步:
对方观点:agree
对方前提条件:transparency可以让scientists更快进步,信息互通
反驳:
scientists足够优秀,有自己的development space
scientists通常有自己的research team,team内部本身就有discussions
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